화장품에 들어가는 방부제 역할, 종류 5가지

화장품에 방부제가 들어가는 이유 

쉽게 말해 안정성을 위해 화장품에는 방부제가 들어간다. 화장품을 제조할 때 물과 천연재료 화학재료들을 많이 섞어 사용하는데 이러한 재료들의 특성으로부터 박테리아나 곰팡이가 생기는 것을 방지하기 위해 방부제가 사용된다. 이뿐만 아니라 제품의 유효기간을 늘리고 보장시켜주기도 한다. 
 

화장품에 들어가는 방부제의 종류와 각 명칭 

방부제는 영어로 Preservative라고 한다. 

분류	역할, 특징	Effective  Against	Materials	Recommend use %
Parabens	- Effective against a wide range of microorganisms - Good stability in a variety of formulations - Effective over a wide pH range 3 to 8 - Can be combined with other preservatives to extend the spectrum	Bacteria and molds	Methylparaben, Propylparaben, Butylparaben	0.01–0.3%
Phenoxyethanol	- Relatively low cost - Broad-spectrum efficacy(효능) - Stable in a wide pH range - Common in "paraben-free" formulas - Often combined with other preservatives like ethylhexylglycerin	Bacteria, yeasts, and molds		0.5% - 1.0%
Benzyl Alcohol	- Naturally from some essential oil or synthesized - Used in combination with other preservatives for a boarder spectrum.  - Mild, non-irritating to the skin	Bacteria and yeasts		0.5–1.0%
Organic Acids	Sorbic Acid  - Often used in combination with other preservatives	Molds, yeasts, and some bacteria	Benzoic Acid, Sorbic Acid, Dehydroacetic Acid	0.1% - 1.0% (typically)
	Benzoic Acid  - Suitable pH level 4 to 6 - Compatible with a wide range of cosmetic ingredients	Yeasts and molds		0.1% - 0.8% (typically)
Formaldehyde	- Effective at low concentrations - Potential for skin sensitivity in some individuals; increasingly regulated - Slow-releasing, stable in water-based formulas - Effective in preventing a range of microbial growth	Broad-spectrum	DMDM Hydantoin, Imidazolidinyl Urea, Diazolidinyl Urea	0.1–0.6%
Isothiazolinones	- Often limited to rinse-off products - Used sparingly in leave-on products due to sensitization potential - Strong, highly effective in low concentrations, broad antimicrobial coverage	Broad-spectrum	Methylisothiazolinone Methylchloroisothiazolinone	0.0015–0.1%
Natural Extract and blend	- Suitable for natural and organic cosmetics - It is not as effective or long-lasting as synthetic options so usually used in combination with other preservatives for synergistic effects.	Narrow spectrum	Rosemary Extract, Grapefruit Seed Extract, Leuconostoc/Radish Root Ferment Filtrate	1–2%

 Formaldehyde

Formaldehyde-Releasing Preservatives
= Formaldehyde releaser
= Formaldehyde donor

Non-Formaldehyde Preservatives.